Types of Trapped Nerves and How They Affect You

What is a Trapped Nerve?

Trapped nerves or “pinched nerves” occur when a nerve is compressed by surrounding tissues like bones, muscles or tendons. This can disrupt nerve function, causing pain, numbness, tingling or weakness. There are a number of accessible, manual therapies that can treat a trapped nerve, with clinics available all over the country. Trapped nerves can occur anywhere in the body, however there are a number of areas where trapped nerves are more common. Below is a look at some of the most frequent types of trapped nerves and how they affect your body.

Sciatic Nerve (Sciatica)

One of the most common types of trapped nerve is sciatica. The sciatic nerve runs from the lower back down through the legs, where it can become compressed, often due to a herniated disc or bone spur. Sciatica typically causes sharp, shooting pain that runs down one side of the body from the lower back through the buttock and into the leg. Along with these painful symptoms, people also report experiencing tingling, numbness or muscle weakness in the leg. Sciatica can make everyday movements like walking, sitting or even standing uncomfortable. In more severe cases, it can significantly reduce mobility.

Ulnar Nerve (Cubital Tunnel Syndrome)

The ulnar nerve runs from the neck down to the hand. This nerve can become compressed at the elbow, leading to what’s known as “cubital tunnel syndrome”. This condition can cause numbness and tingling in the fingers, as well as pain or a sense of weakness in the hand. Many individuals struggle with tasks that require finger coordination such as writing or gripping, and it can be particularly bothersome when bending the elbow, such as lifting a phone receiver to your ear, or adopting a sleeping position with bent arms.

Median Nerve (Carpal Tunnel)

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a very common type of trapped nerve. This condition typically occurs when the median nerve in the wrist becomes compressed, usually due to repetitive hand movements or prolonged wrist tension. This nerve in the wrist controls sensation and movement in parts of the hand and fingers. Common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include numbness, tingling and weakness in the fingers and thumb. People with carpal tunnel syndrome often find it difficult to grip objects or perform small, accurate hand and finger movements.

Peroneal Nerve (Foot Drop)

The peroneal nerve, located near the knee, can become compressed due to prolonged kneeling, leg crossing, or sometimes as a result of injury. When this nerve becomes compressed, it may result in a condition known as “foot drop,” where you’re unable to lift the front part of the foot. This can make regular foot movements such as walking extremely challenging, as the foot may drag on the ground or require adjusting your usual gait. Weakness, numbness, or tingling on the outer part of the leg and top of the foot are common symptoms, as well as aches and reduced mobility due to having to adjust your usual walking movements.

Femoral Nerve (Femoral Neuropathy)

Compression of the femoral nerve, which most often occurs in the groin area, can cause pain in the surrounding areas such as the thigh, hip, and knee, along with potentially causing muscle weakness. This can make activities like standing from a seated position, climbing stairs or even walking difficult. In some cases, prolonged sitting can aggravate the symptoms.

Each type of trapped nerve affects the body differently and can significantly impact daily activities, specifically having a negative effect on routine movements that most of us take for granted, such as walking, sitting or lifting objects. Early treatment such as physical therapy, medication, or ergonomic and lifestyle adjustments can often help relieve symptoms and improve functionality. If you suspect you have a trapped nerve, consult with your doctor to help identify the type of trapped nerve and determine the best course of treatment.